![]() ![]() ![]() The reference direction, stated first, is always north or south, and the turning direction, stated last, is east or west. the bearing 150 degrees clockwise from north. For example, a bearing might be described as "(from) south, (turn) thirty degrees (toward the) east" (the words in brackets are usually omitted), abbreviated "S30☎", which is the bearing 30 degrees in the eastward direction from south, i.e. Quite commonly, azimuths or compass bearings are stated in a system in which either north or south can be the zero, and the angle may be measured clockwise or anticlockwise from the zero. Any direction can be the reference vector, as long as it is clearly defined. There are exceptions: some navigation systems use south as the reference vector. Moving clockwise on a 360 degree circle, east has azimuth 90°, south 180°, and west 270°. Today, the reference plane for an azimuth is typically true north, measured as a 0° azimuth, though other angular units ( grad, mil) can be used. ![]() Azimuth has also been more generally defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from any fixed reference plane or easily established base direction line. In land navigation, azimuth is usually denoted alpha, α, and defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. Main article: Azimuth (navigation) Azimuth Marker, Mount Allen ( Sandstone Peak), Southern California, US. The first known record in any Western language is in Spanish in the 1270s in an astronomy book that was largely derived from Arabic sources, the Libros del saber de astronomía commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile. Its first recorded use in English is in the 1390s in Geoffrey Chaucer's Treatise on the Astrolabe. The Arabic word entered late medieval Latin in an astronomy context and in particular in the use of the Arabic version of the astrolabe astronomy instrument. It originates from medieval Arabic السموت ( al-sumūt, pronounced as-sumūt), meaning "the directions" (plural of Arabic السمت al-samt = "the direction"). The word azimuth is used in all European languages today. The concept is used in navigation, astronomy, engineering, mapping, mining, and ballistics. Īzimuth is usually measured in degrees (°), in the positive range 0° to 360° or in the signed range -180° to +180°. The azimuth is the angle between the north vector and the star's vector on the horizontal plane. a circular area with a 5 km radius at sea level) around an observer on Earth's surface, and the reference vector points to true north. The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the local area (e.g. When used as a celestial coordinate, the azimuth is the horizontal direction of a star or other astronomical object in the sky. Mathematically, the relative position vector from an observer ( origin) to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane (the horizontal plane) the angle between the projected vector and a reference vector on the reference plane is called the azimuth. The azimuth is the angle formed between a reference direction (in this example north) and a line from the observer to a point of interest projected on the same plane as the reference direction orthogonal to the zenith.Īn azimuth ( / ˈ æ z ə m ə θ/ i from Arabic: اَلسُّمُوت, romanized: as-sumūt, lit.'the directions') is the angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system which represents the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north. For other uses, see Azimuth (disambiguation).
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